NURS-6501 Walden University-a 27 year-old patient with history of substance abuse is found unresponsive by ems after being called by roommate

QUESTION

A 27 year-old patient with history of substance abuse is found unresponsive by ems after being called by roommate

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

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  • The role genetics plays in the disease.
  • Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.
  • The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
  • The cells that are involved in this process.
  • How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

ANSWER

 Understanding the Pathophysiology of Substance Abuse-Related Unresponsiveness

Introduction

Substance abuse is a complex and multifaceted disorder that affects individuals across various age groups. This essay aims to provide an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario, which involves a 27-year-old patient with a history of substance abuse who is found unresponsive. The focus will be on discussing the role of genetics, the specific symptoms presented, the physiologic response to the stimulus, the involved cells, and the potential impact of other characteristics on the response.

Role of Genetics

Genetics plays a significant role in the development and progression of substance abuse disorders. Research suggests that genetic factors contribute to approximately 40-60% of the risk for substance abuse. Specific genes, such as those encoding receptors and enzymes involved in neurotransmitter pathways, can influence an individual’s vulnerability to substance abuse(Genetics and Epigenetics of Addiction DrugFacts | National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2023). Genetic variations can affect the brain’s reward and reinforcement systems, making some individuals more susceptible to addictive behaviors.

Presenting Symptoms

The specific symptoms described in the scenario, including unresponsiveness, are indicative of a severe drug overdose or poisoning. Substance abuse involving illicit drugs or excessive use of prescription medications can lead to central nervous system depression, resulting in altered levels of consciousness, respiratory depression, and unresponsiveness. The exact symptoms and severity may vary depending on the specific substance used and the dose involved.

Physiologic Response

In response to a drug overdose, the body’s physiologic response is primarily driven by the substance’s pharmacological effects. Most drugs of abuse act on the central nervous system by altering the normal functioning of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2016). This disruption in neurotransmitter activity can lead to suppressed neuronal signaling, depressed respiratory centers, and decreased oxygenation, ultimately causing unresponsiveness.

Cells Involved

Multiple cells and systems are involved in the physiologic response to substance abuse-related unresponsiveness. The primary focus is on the central nervous system, where drugs act on neurons and their corresponding receptors. Neurons communicate via neurotransmitters, and their activity is regulated by complex interactions between excitatory and inhibitory signals. Drugs can alter this balance, leading to abnormal neuronal firing and impaired functioning. Additionally, respiratory centers in the brainstem are affected, resulting in respiratory depression.

Impact of Other Characteristics

Other characteristics, such as gender and individual genetic variations, can influence the response to substance abuse-related unresponsiveness. Gender differences exist in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of certain substances, affecting their metabolism and clearance rates. Genetic

variations may influence an individual’s susceptibility to drug addiction, response to treatment, and overall prognosis. Understanding these factors can help tailor interventions and support for patients.

Conclusion

Substance abuse-related unresponsiveness is a critical medical emergency associated with severe drug overdose or poisoning. The disease process involves complex interactions between genetic predisposition, pharmacological effects on the central nervous system, altered neurotransmitter activity, and suppressed respiratory centers. Multiple cells, including neurons and respiratory centers, are involved in the pathophysiological response. Considering the impact of other characteristics, such as gender and individual genetic variations, can further enhance our understanding and approach to managing substance abuse-related emergencies.

References

Genetics and Epigenetics of Addiction DrugFacts | National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2023, June 2). National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/genetics-epigenetics-addiction

US Department of Health and Human Services. (2016, November 1). THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE USE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION. Facing Addiction in America – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424849/

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