MSN-602 Northern Kentucky University – Theoretical Framework and Study Design for a PICO Research Question on Quality Improvement

QUESTION

In this discussion you will focus on research design and methodologies. Reflect on your Project Problem/Pico and Answer the following questions.

1. Consider your PICO question: what would be your theoretical framework and/or model and the type of study you will conduct (quality improvement or evidence-based practice) related to it? Explain.

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ANSWER

Theoretical Framework and Study Design for a PICO Research Question on Quality Improvement

Introduction

In this discussion, we will focus on the research design and methodologies related to a specific PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) question. The PICO question is as follows: “In adult patients with type 2 diabetes (P), does a Mediterranean diet (I) compared to a standard low-fat diet (C) lead to improved glycemic control (O)?” This discussion will delve into the theoretical framework and the type of study design that would be most appropriate for investigating this research question.

Theoretical Framework

To address the PICO question, a suitable theoretical framework that aligns with the research topic is required. The Health Belief Model (HBM) would serve as an appropriate theoretical framework for this study. The HBM proposes that individuals’ health-related behaviors are influenced by their beliefs regarding the perceived susceptibility to a health condition, the perceived severity of the condition, the perceived benefits of adopting a specific behavior, the perceived barriers to adopting the behavior, and the cues to action that trigger the behavior. Applying the HBM to this study would allow for an exploration of how individuals’ beliefs about the Mediterranean diet influence their adherence to the intervention and subsequent glycemic control.

Type of Study

Given the research question’s focus on evaluating the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in improving glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes, an evidence-based practice (EBP) study design would be most appropriate. Evidence-based practice involves integrating the best available evidence from research with clinical expertise and patient values to inform decision-making and improve patient outcomes. In this case, the study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the impact of the Mediterranean diet on glycemic control, which would be valuable for healthcare practitioners and policymakers in making informed decisions about dietary interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Study Design

Within the realm of evidence-based practice, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) would be the optimal study design for addressing this research question. RCTs are considered the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions as they allow for the control of confounding variables and the establishment of causal relationships. In this study, participants would be randomly assigned to either the experimental group receiving the Mediterranean diet intervention or the control group receiving the standard low-fat diet. Both groups would be monitored for a specified period, during which their glycemic control would be assessed and compared.

The RCT design would ensure that any observed differences in glycemic control between the two groups can be attributed to the dietary intervention and not other factors. It would also allow for the collection of quantitative data, such as HbA1c levels, which is a reliable measure of long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the theoretical framework that best aligns with the research question on the impact of the Mediterranean diet on glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes is the Health Belief Model. This framework would enable an exploration of the factors influencing patients’ beliefs and adherence to the intervention. Considering the nature of the research question, an evidence-based practice approach would be most appropriate. Furthermore, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design would provide robust evidence regarding the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in improving glycemic control. By employing this theoretical framework and study design, we can generate valuable insights that would inform clinical practice and contribute to evidence-based decision-making in the management of type 2 diabetes.

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