Global Infectious Diseases

Global Infectious Diseases

A disease is anything that causes abnormal function in the body. It denatures the role of both humans, plants, and even animals. However, in most cases, the disease is not always an immediate result of physical injuries. Infectious diseases are always caused as a result of microorganisms. These microorganisms can be bacteria, parasites, or even viruses. When these organisms and microorganisms can contact the bodies at given conditions, they create disorders, resulting in diseases. These infectious diseases can be transferred from one person to another, either directly or indirectly.

This topic is relevant in all parts of the world, as infectious diseases have continually led to the deaths of more people. It is estimated that tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV collectively lead to the deaths of more than five million people  (Wirth, 129). Most of these deaths are in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Infectious diseases also have a great impact even in developed countries. As globalization has increased, the spread of disease has significantly increased in turn. Therefore, it is necessary for countries to work together towards coming up with solutions dealing with global infectious diseases. Despite the disadvantages that globalization has yielded through the increase in the spread of disease, it also makes it easy for countries to communicate and undertake joint efforts in controlling the diseases (Bloom et al., 54). Further research, therefore, should be undertaken on the spread of disease and the measures that countries should put in place to control it.

These contagious diseases remain the primary cause of death in both children and young adults. More than 13 million deaths globally are as a result of infectious diseases (Martinez 222).   Global infectious diseases comprise many types of disease, including virus, bacterial, fungi, and parasitic. Some of these global diseases include  I believe this will be a fascinating and relevant topic for study. Currently, the infectious novel coronavirus shakes the whole world. Consequently, this paper aims to unravel these infectious diseases in various countries and some of the ways nations can come together to contain them.

Influenza is one of the leading infectious diseases in the globe. It consists of four types that can be named A, B, C, and D. Additionally, the virus is further classified into subtypes based on mode of operation. Notably, only two types of the virus, type A subtype (H3N2) and (H1N1pdm09), are common in human beings. This virus has also been found in birds and other animals, such as pigs (Christian et al. np). It is only this type A virus which causes illness in humans. This influenza can quickly spread from one person to another when they come in contact, and can quickly spread from one country to the other due to its availability in birds (as they fly in the air, and thus can move from one country to another).

The avian influenza virus is found in birds and other animals that are frequently consumed by humans. When these affected animals are consumed, they affect the human in turn, who becomes positive for the virus. Between the years 2013 to 2017, the World Health Organization reported 858 infections, and as a result, 453 deaths (Christian et al. np). Out of this reported number of 858, the infection was distributed in different countries as follows. Egypt had 358 infections, Vietnam had 127 infections, China had 53 cases, Indonesia had 199 cases, and Cambodia had 56 cases. From the above assumption, we can note that the spread ranged from Africa, Asia, and Europe, an exact representation of the world countries . This virus often causes pneumonia and the failure of organs , hence death. Of all these reported cases, 453 of 853 have been fatal (Christian et al. np). Apart from that, in 2017, the same virus was reported in different countries. This time, 1400 cases were recorded, and the W.H.O. reported 530 deaths. The first reported cases were in China; later, other countries experienced the spread. Other countries where this influenza was later reported include Malaysia, Canada, and Taiwan, among other countries. Significantly, the second rise of this disease was rapid andaffected more people than the first outbreak. The number of affected countries plus the cases of reported deaths were much higher than in the previous wave. Since the spread was exacerbated due to poultry markets, temporary closure of poultry markets was used to curb the spread of this disease (Christian et al. np).

Cholera is another disease that has been recorded in many different countries, and remains one of the most significant threats globally. Cholera is a bacterial disease that causes the ingestion of food and water in the system . This is one of the illnesses that research has found to kill people much more quickly than other conditions. In the year 2015, the W.H.O. reported 42 countries whose citizens contracted the disease. Out of these 42 countries, 172,454 infection cases were recorded (Christian et al.). Out of that number, 1,304 cases of death were attributed to cholera. Some of the countries affected in Africa included Kenya, D.R.C., Mozambique, and Nigeria, among others(Christian et al.). Also, Asia reported 64,590 cases and 30 deaths. In previous years, Cholera was also recorded in America, resulting in the deaths of 8,863 people. Notably, these statistics are also another representation of the global population; most of the continents were reported to have been affected. Due to this intense spread, the W.H.O. devised some plans to curb the reach of this disease quickly, andthe oral vaccine was created for the first time in 2013 (Christian et al.). One reason for this outbreak of cholera was reportedto be cultural concerns. Most people hid their patients, and this just resulted in more deaths. Both health workers and ordinary citizens were affected.

Malaria Invasion

Malaria is a parasitic disease, which is another cause of death in many countries. The plasmodium falciparum is the key contributor to malaria,which is expressed in various stages. A bite typically causes the spread from female Anopheles mosquitoes. Plasmodium falciparum always accounts for the highest percentage of globally spread malaria (World Health Organization). This disease’s symptoms can be realized in the body about 10 to 15 days after Anopheles mosquitoes’ bite. These diseases usually attack young children aged 5 and below; H.I.V. patients and pregnant women are also categorized in this group. The world malaria report is released on an annual basis.

In some African countries, almost 93% of the population contracted the disease.  The WHO report recorded that 272,000 children died from malaria attacks worldwide. The World Health Organization always advises vector control for all as the primary preventative measure of malaria infection., along with the use of treated mosquito nets.

Currently, the novel coronavirus is the disease that has created havoc across the world. Its spread and its massive death toll has caused it to be termed a pandemic. Of course, in past years, the world has always been threatened by several diseases. Moreover , in the 21st century, these global diseases affect the health and the economy of the world at large (Nundu et al.). Notably, the Coronavirus is considered to involve people at both the local and international levels.

ore than half a million of the population has been reported as death cases out of this number.

Recently around July 2020, 26,162,163 instances have been reported to contact this harmful disease (Nundu et al.). Due to this outbreak, countries have reacted differently to this disease’s contention measures since the official vaccine has not been found. Countries react differently as some enforce lockdowns while some curfews. Some states also do contact tracing of the infected persons, isolation, and correct wearing masks, among other measures. Human behavior has been considered as one of the most determinants of the virus. Body contacts are one of the brutal ways which have been associated with the spread of the virus. Currently, most countries have lowered the rate of the spread of the virus.

In conclusion, infectious diseases have been and are still a world concern. Some of these diseases have also impacted the economies of different countries, leading to inflation and low living standards. However, most of these diseases have been linked to human behavior, in particular the novel coronavirus. Significantly, it is possible to change human behavior and live according to the World Health Organization’s set standards to curb the spread of the disease. These diseases have been a significant threat; however, through global surveillance, we can overcome and respond effectively to any impending danger even in the future.

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Describing them as “global” earlier is enough to get this point across

Aren’t influenza and flu the same?

You should really establish this list earlier. It makes more sense to do this since you often say “these diseases” but don’t specify all of them until now

Check with your professor about this formatting—not sure if this fits the parameters.

unclear on the meaning here

Doesn’t make sense

Doesn’t seem connected to the rest of this paragraph

You can probably say this in a smoother, more coherent fashion. This reads like a list of out-of-order statistics

You already said this

Sentence does not communicate much

Sentence not really connected to the previous one; “moreover” not appropriate here

Already said this

The organization of this section is very confusing. You should start by discussing the causes of coronavirus, move on to the symptoms, then talk about the death toll and job loss, then talk about the ease of spread between countries. As it is, you jump back and forth and there’s no coherent thread throughout.