(a) give an example of a productive activity, an activity that’s done for the sake of some product that is good independently of the fact that the producer produces it. give an example of an action that is not a production and that is done for its own sake.

in iii.5 aristotle seems to argue that a person can be responsible for her own character and that excellence or badness “depends on us.” set out a version of aristotle’s argument for this claim. criticize and/or defend this argument.

Answer following question (parts a and b combined) in 1/2 paragraphs total:

(a) give an example of a productive activity, an activity that’s done for the sake of some product that is good independently of the fact that the producer produces it. give an example of an action that is not a production and that is done for its own sake. (b) use your example of a productive activity to illustrate aristotle’s picture of deliberation by spelling out the deliberation through which, according to aristotle, a person might decide to perform that activity.

ANSWER

Aristotle on Responsibility for Character and Deliberation in Productive Activities

Aristotle, in his work Nicomachean Ethics, asserts that individuals have the capacity to shape their own character and are responsible for their own moral excellence or badness. He argues that these qualities “depend on us,” suggesting that individuals have control over their actions and can actively cultivate virtuous traits. This essay will present an outline of Aristotle’s argument for this claim and subsequently offer a critical evaluation.

Aristotle’s Argument

Aristotle begins his argument by positing that human beings possess the capacity for rationality and free will, distinguishing them from other beings in nature. He contends that a person’s character is not merely a result of innate qualities or external circumstances, but rather the outcome of deliberate choices and actions. According to Aristotle, an individual’s character is shaped through a process of habituation and repeated practice of virtuous behaviors.

A key element of Aristotle’s argument lies in his concept of moral virtue. He defines virtue as a mean between extremes, emphasizing the importance of balance and moderation. Aristotle argues that by consciously and consistently choosing virtuous actions, individuals can develop virtuous habits and ultimately cultivate a virtuous character. The responsibility for one’s character, therefore, lies in the choices made and the actions undertaken.

Furthermore, Aristotle highlights the role of reason in shaping one’s character. He posits that rationality enables individuals to reflect upon their actions, consider the consequences, and make choices based on moral considerations (Fowers, 2003). By employing practical wisdom or phronesis, individuals can engage in reasoned deliberation, assessing the potential outcomes and selecting the morally appropriate course of action. This deliberative process is crucial in developing a virtuous character and acting in accordance with excellence.

Critical Evaluation

While Aristotle’s argument offers valuable insights into the responsibility individuals have for their own character, it is not without criticism. One possible criticism is that Aristotle’s emphasis on habituation and repeated practice might underestimate the role of external factors and influences (Doan, 2014). Environmental factors such as upbringing, societal norms, and cultural conditioning can significantly shape an individual’s character, potentially limiting the extent of personal responsibility.

Additionally, Aristotle’s argument may neglect the complex interplay between internal dispositions and external circumstances. External factors can sometimes exert significant influence over a person’s actions, making it challenging to attribute complete responsibility for character solely to the individual. For example, extreme poverty or oppressive social conditions may severely restrict an individual’s ability to exercise free will and cultivate virtuous traits.

Nevertheless, Aristotle’s argument also has merits. By stressing the significance of personal agency and deliberative reasoning, he highlights the importance of individual responsibility in character development ([Solved] Aristotle Emphasizes Download Aristotle Emphasizes the Importance. . . | CliffsNotes, 2022). Aristotle’s concept of virtue as a mean encourages individuals to strive for balance and moderation, fostering a harmonious integration of moral values into daily life. Moreover, his emphasis on practical wisdom and deliberation underscores the need for reflective thinking and ethical decision-making.

Conclusion

Aristotle’s argument asserts that individuals possess the capacity to shape their own character and are responsible for their moral excellence or badness. While his argument may face criticism for downplaying external influences, it also highlights the importance of personal agency and reasoned deliberation. By consciously choosing virtuous actions, reflecting upon their consequences, and cultivating virtuous habits, individuals can actively participate in their own character formation. While external factors undoubtedly play a role, Aristotle’s emphasis on personal responsibility invites individuals to take an active role in the pursuit of moral excellence.

References

[Solved] Aristotle emphasizes Download Aristotle emphasizes the importance. . . | CliffsNotes. (2022, October 27). https://www.cliffsnotes.com/tutors-problems/Business-Other/45771863-Aristotle-emphasizes-Download-Aristotle-emphasizes-the-importance/ 

Doan, T. (2014). Aristotle and the Philosophy of Law. Theory, Practice and Justice (Ius Gentium. Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 23. Nguyenduylinh. https://www.academia.edu/8353191/Aristotle_and_the_Philosophy_of_Law_Theory_Practice_and_Justice_Ius_Gentium_Comparative_Perspectives_on_Law_and_Justice_23 

Fowers, B. J. (2003). Reason and Human Finitude. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(4), 415–426. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203256947