Essay Topics: 1, Answer the following questions (1000 words) – 50% of assignment mark Summarize some of the key challenges that have emerged as a result of the rising market power of digital platform firms and explain why they have prompted recent calls to regulate them. Be sure to explain with reference to one or more of the following: increasing industry concentration, growing inequality, and changes and threats to democratic institutions and our information environment.

QUESTION

Specific Requirements and Instructions:

1, References to readings or other material should include the author’s surname in parentheses. Where a direct quote is given the page number should be provided where applicable. No bibliography is required.

2, Please use course materials only. These include assigned readings, lectures and supplemental materials such as videos or links mentioned by the instructor or posted on the course Moodle site.

Essay Topics:

1, Answer the following questions (1000 words) – 50% of assignment mark

1. Summarize some of the key challenges that have emerged as a result of the rising market power of digital platform firms and explain why they have prompted recent calls to regulate them. Be sure to explain with reference to one or more of the following: increasing industry concentration, growing inequality, and changes and threats to democratic institutions and our information environment.

2, Answer the following questions (500 words) – 25% of assignment mark

1. What are the unique and/or specific challenges of corporate social responsibility and the fight against climate change policies in the context of globalization? Be sure to explain your answer with reference to issues of governance, regulatory gaps, imbalances between countries and the declining “steering capacity” of the nation state.

3, Answer the following questions (500 words) – 25% of assignment mark

1. Explain some of the recent changes impacting workers that have been associated with phenomena such as automation, workplace fissuring and the gig economy. Can the issues and problems created by these changes be addressed by our existing policies and institutions or do they require new approaches.? Explain.

2. ANSWER

3. Addressing the Challenges of Changing Labor Dynamics: Navigating Automation, Workplace Fissuring, and the Gig Economy

   Introduction

   The contemporary world of work is undergoing significant transformations due to various factors such as automation, workplace fissuring, and the rise of the gig economy. These changes have given rise to concerns about the impact on workers and the adequacy of existing policies and institutions to address the associated challenges. This essay aims to explore the recent changes impacting workers, analyze the problems they create, and evaluate whether existing policies and institutions are sufficient or if new approaches are required.

   The Impact of Automation

   Automation, driven by advancements in technology, has significantly reshaped the nature of work across industries. It has led to the displacement of certain jobs, particularly those involving repetitive and routine tasks (AI, Automation, and the Future of Work: Ten Things to Solve For, 2018). While automation can increase productivity and efficiency, it also raises concerns about job losses and the potential exacerbation of income inequality. Workers in industries affected by automation face the risk of unemployment or job insecurity, which can have adverse social and economic consequences.

   Workplace Fissuring

   Workplace fissuring refers to the practice of outsourcing and subcontracting work previously performed by traditional employees. This trend allows companies to shed responsibilities and costs associated with traditional employment relationships, such as benefits and protections. Workers engaged in subcontracted or gig work often face precarious conditions, limited access to social protections, and reduced bargaining power. Workplace fissuring can contribute to the erosion of job security and workers’ rights, exacerbating inequality and vulnerability.

   The Rise of the Gig Economy

   The gig economy has gained prominence with the advent of digital platforms that connect workers with short-term, flexible work opportunities. While the gig economy offers flexibility and income-generating opportunities for some, it also presents challenges. Gig workers typically lack employment benefits, social protections, and collective bargaining power. They often face unpredictable income, limited access to healthcare and retirement benefits, and little job security (Lavri, 2023). Moreover, algorithmic management and platform dynamics can lead to power imbalances and unfair practices.

   Existing Policies and Institutions

   The existing policies and institutions designed to protect workers and address labor-related issues were primarily built around the traditional employment relationship. They often struggle to effectively address the challenges posed by automation, workplace fissuring, and the gig economy. For example, labor laws and social protections are designed to cover traditional employment arrangements, leaving gig workers in a regulatory gray area. Existing institutions may lack the capacity to monitor and enforce compliance within the evolving world of work.

   The Need for New Approaches

   Addressing the issues arising from automation, workplace fissuring, and the gig economy requires innovative and adaptive approaches. Policymakers must consider updating labor laws and regulations to ensure adequate protection and benefits for all workers, regardless of employment type. This could include expanding social safety nets, establishing portable benefits that are not tied to specific employers, and promoting collective bargaining rights for gig workers.

   Collaboration between stakeholders is crucial in finding effective solutions. Businesses, platforms, and governments should work together to establish fair labor standards, improve transparency, and ensure workers have access to essential benefits (International Finance Corporation (IFC), n.d.). New approaches may involve exploring alternative work models, such as worker cooperatives or sector-specific regulations, to address the challenges posed by changing labor dynamics.

   Conclusion

   The recent changes impacting workers, including automation, workplace fissuring, and the gig economy, present significant challenges to existing policies and institutions. These changes require a reevaluation of labor laws, social protections, and the overall regulatory framework. It is essential to address the issues of job insecurity, inequality, and lack of social protections to ensure that workers can thrive in the evolving world of work. By implementing innovative approaches and fostering collaboration, policymakers can create a more inclusive and resilient labor market for the future.

   References

   AI, automation, and the future of work: Ten things to solve for. (2018, June 1). McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/ai-automation-and-the-future-of-work-ten-things-to-solve-for 

   International Finance Corporation (IFC). (n.d.). https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/affbc005-2569-4e58-9962-280c483baa12/IFC_StakeholderEngagement.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=jkD13-p 

   Lavri, O. (2023, April 13). Gig economy and its impact on the future of work | HRForecast. HRForecast. https://hrforecast.com/what-is-the-gig-economy-and-why-is-it-the-future-of-work/