Our readings this week address the topic of globalization, mental health, and the counseling profession. Please read carefully the assigned readings and then participate in the discussion forum which will have two questions. My first question is below: Conduct some research using valid web-based sources and describe for us the state of mental health in any developing nation you wish to choose. How does that nation and its culture define mental health, mental disorders, and mental illness? What type of infrastructure exists in that nation to address mental health issues?

QUESTION

Our readings this week address the topic of globalization, mental health, and the counseling profession. Please read carefully the assigned readings and then participate in the discussion forum which will have two questions.

My first question is below:

Conduct some research using valid web-based sources and describe for us the state of mental health in any developing nation you wish to choose. How does that nation and its culture define mental health, mental disorders, and mental illness? What type of infrastructure exists in that nation to address mental health issues?

My second question is below

Discuss what you see as the relationship between globalization and mental health? What would, should, or does culturally relative mental health counseling look like in the nation you selected for my first question?

ANSWER

Mental Health in Developing Nations: Understanding the Cultural Context and Globalization’s Impact

Introduction

Mental health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, and understanding its status in developing nations is crucial for addressing the global mental health crisis. This essay explores the state of mental health in a chosen developing nation, its cultural perspective on mental health, and the infrastructure available to address mental health issues (Kopinak, 2015). Furthermore, it delves into the relationship between globalization and mental health, and how culturally relative mental health counseling can be implemented in the selected nation.

State of Mental Health in a Developing Nation

For the purpose of this essay, India will be chosen as the developing nation to examine its mental health landscape. India is a diverse country with a rich cultural heritage and faces significant mental health challenges.

a) Definition of Mental Health, Mental Disorders, and Mental Illness: In India, mental health is often defined within the framework of holistic well-being, encompassing physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects (Galderisi et al., 2015). Mental disorders and mental illnesses are recognized as conditions that disrupt an individual’s mental well-being and functioning. However, cultural interpretations and traditional beliefs influence how mental health is perceived and addressed.

b) Infrastructure for Mental Health: India’s mental health infrastructure faces numerous challenges, including a scarcity of resources, a lack of mental health professionals, and limited access to services in rural areas (Kaur et al., 2023). The National Mental Health Program, launched in 1982, aims to provide mental health services through primary healthcare centers, district hospitals, and specialized psychiatric facilities. Additionally, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in community-based mental health initiatives.

The Relationship Between Globalization and Mental Health

Globalization has significant implications for mental health, affecting individuals, communities, and societies worldwide.

a) Impact of Globalization on Mental Health:

Economic Factors: Globalization can lead to economic disparities, income inequality, and social exclusion, increasing stress levels and contributing to mental health issues.

Social Changes: Rapid cultural transitions, increased migration, and urbanization associated with globalization can disrupt social support systems, leading to feelings of isolation and psychological distress.

Cultural Influence: Western cultural values, norms, and lifestyles promoted through globalization can clash with traditional beliefs and practices, creating conflicts and identity crises.

b) Culturally Relative Mental Health Counseling: In India, culturally relative mental health counseling should consider the following aspects:

Cultural Competence: Mental health professionals need to be well-versed in the cultural context, beliefs, and values prevalent in the nation. They should respect diversity and tailor interventions accordingly.

Incorporating Traditional Healing Practices: Integrating traditional healing practices, such as yoga, meditation, and Ayurveda, can enhance the effectiveness and acceptance of mental health interventions.

• Community Engagement: Building partnerships with local community leaders, NGOs, and religious institutions can facilitate awareness, reduce stigma, and promote mental health-seeking behaviors.

Conclusion

Understanding the state of mental health in developing nations is crucial for addressing the complex challenges faced by these regions. In India, mental health is viewed through a cultural lens, and the nation’s infrastructure for addressing mental health issues is evolving but still faces significant gaps. Globalization has both positive and negative effects on mental health, necessitating culturally relative mental health counseling approaches. By considering cultural context, incorporating traditional healing practices, and fostering community engagement, mental health professionals can provide effective and culturally sensitive support to individuals in developing nations like India.

References

Galderisi, S., Heinz, A., Kastrup, M., Beezhold, J., & Sartorius, N. (2015). Toward a new definition of mental health. World Psychiatry, 14(2), 231–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20231 

Kaur, A., Kallakuri, S., Mukherjee, A., Wahid, S. S., Kohrt, B. A., Thornicroft, G., & Maulik, P. K. (2023). Mental health related stigma, service provision and utilization in Northern India: situational analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-023-00577-8 

Kopinak, J. K. (2015). Mental Health in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities in Introducing Western Mental Health System in Uganda. PubMed Central (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4948168/