Final Project : 1.What’s happening? Why do we care? [10%] 2.Why is it happening? [20%] 3.Ways to respond – Consider alternative ways we can respond – policies, practices, projects, programs [10%] 4.Finding the “best” way – Describe an appropriate multi-attribute decision making (MADM) method for policy analysis, including the ways you might choose to define “best”. Use what you have learned from the class to date, what you learn from Prof.Downs (week 11), Prof. Ratick (week 12,13), and any literature sources [50%] 5.Concluding Remarks and Reflection [10%]

QUESTION

This project is a Policy Analysis for environmental issues. I just need a project proposal for final project. I have a topic but I am not sure whether I can find relevant information or references. If the topic cannot meet the conditions, I hope you can help me to re-determine the topic.

About the Final Project, Tell the story you are most interested in. What environmental problem do you aspire to solve?

Final Project : 1.What’s happening? Why do we care? [10%] 2.Why is it happening? [20%] 3.Ways to respond – Consider alternative ways we can respond – policies, practices, projects, programs [10%] 4.Finding the “best” way – Describe an appropriate multi-attribute decision making (MADM) method for policy analysis, including the ways you might choose to define “best”. Use what you have learned from the class to date, what you learn from Prof.Downs (week 11), Prof. Ratick (week 12,13), and any literature sources [50%] 5.Concluding Remarks and Reflection [10%]

I will show you the more information later.

ANSWER

Policy Analysis for Environmental Sustainability: Addressing the Impacts of Plastic Pollution

Introduction

Plastic pollution has emerged as a global environmental crisis, necessitating immediate action to mitigate its adverse effects on ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. This policy analysis project aims to explore the causes and consequences of plastic pollution, identify alternative response strategies, and propose a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method for effective policy analysis. By highlighting the urgency of this issue, the project seeks to inspire stakeholders to take concrete actions towards a more sustainable future.

What’s happening? Why do we care? 

Plastic pollution is plaguing our planet, permeating both land and marine environments. From plastic bags and bottles to microplastics, these non-biodegradable materials persist in the environment for hundreds of years, causing immense harm. The consequences are far-reaching and include the entanglement and ingestion of marine species, disruption of ecosystems, contamination of food chains, and even potential health risks to humans through the consumption of microplastics.

The need to address plastic pollution is paramount due to its wide-ranging impacts. From an ecological standpoint, plastic waste threatens biodiversity and disrupts fragile ecosystems, leading to habitat degradation and species extinction. Furthermore, plastic pollution exacerbates climate change as the production and disposal of plastics contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the socio-economic ramifications cannot be ignored, as industries reliant on tourism, fisheries, and coastal economies suffer from the degradation caused by plastic pollution.

Why is it happening? 

The proliferation of plastic pollution stems from a combination of factors. The rise of consumerism, coupled with the convenience and affordability of plastics, has led to their excessive production and usage. Inadequate waste management systems, including improper disposal and limited recycling infrastructure, contribute to the accumulation of plastic waste in landfills and oceans (Hopewell et al., 2009). Furthermore, the global plastic production and distribution systems, with a lack of accountability and regulations, exacerbate the problem.

Moreover, the persistent use of single-use plastics, such as plastic bags and packaging, further exacerbates the issue. These products are often discarded after a single use, leading to an overwhelming accumulation of waste (Kumar et al., 2021). The global nature of plastic pollution necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its root causes, involving not only consumer behavior but also industrial practices, policy gaps, and systemic issues within the plastics industry.

Ways to respond – policies, practices, projects, programs

Addressing plastic pollution requires a multifaceted approach encompassing policies, practices, projects, and programs. Some potential strategies to consider include:

Implementing comprehensive plastic waste management systems: This includes promoting recycling, establishing efficient collection and sorting mechanisms, and investing in infrastructure to manage plastic waste effectively.

Encouraging the use of alternative materials: Governments and industries can incentivize the development and adoption of sustainable alternatives to single-use plastics, such as biodegradable materials or reusable products.

Promoting extended producer responsibility (EPR): By holding manufacturers accountable for the entire lifecycle of their products, EPR policies encourage the reduction, recycling, and proper disposal of plastic waste.

Raising public awareness and education: Engaging citizens through campaigns, educational programs, and awareness initiatives can foster behavioral changes, encouraging responsible consumption and proper waste management.

Finding the “best” way – Multi-attribute decision making (MADM) method for policy analysis 

To determine the most appropriate response to plastic pollution, a robust MADM method must be employed. This involves evaluating potential policy options based on multiple criteria, such as environmental impact, economic feasibility, social equity, and political feasibility.

The chosen MADM method should integrate qualitative and quantitative data, including input from stakeholders, scientific research, and expert opinions (Guetterman et al., 2015). It should consider the trade-offs and synergies between various policy options to identify the most effective and sustainable approach.

Defining the “best” solution will depend on the priorities of the decision-makers, taking into account the balance between environmental protection, economic considerations, and societal needs. Ultimately, the chosen policy should strive for long-term sustainability, resilience, and equitable outcomes.

Concluding Remarks and Reflection 

In conclusion, plastic pollution poses a significant threat to our environment, biodiversity, and human well-being. Addressing this complex issue requires a comprehensive policy analysis that considers alternative response strategies and employs an appropriate MADM method. By raising awareness, engaging stakeholders, and implementing effective policies, we can work towards mitigating plastic pollution and fostering a more sustainable future. Taking action today will ensure a cleaner and healthier planet for future generations.

References

Guetterman, T. C., Fetters, M. D., & Creswell, J. W. (2015). Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Results in Health Science Mixed Methods Research Through Joint Displays. Annals of Family Medicine, 13(6), 554–561. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1865 

Hopewell, J. L., Dvorak, R. D., & Kosior, E. (2009). Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364(1526), 2115–2126. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0311 

Kumar, R., Verma, A., Shome, A., Sinha, R., Sinha, S., Jha, P. K., Kumar, R., Kumar, P., Shubham, Das, S., Sharma, P., & Prasad, P. W. C. (2021). Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions. Sustainability, 13(17), 9963. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179963