If the treatment has no effect, we would expect group population means to be equal group sample means to be equal group sample means to vary none of the above

QUESTION

 

1. If the treatment has no effect, we would expect

		group population means to be equal
		group sample means to be equal
		group sample means to vary
		none of the above

QUESTION 2

1. In analysis of variance, problems that tend to be created by nonhomogeneity of variance are

		minimized when group sample size is equal for all groups
		minimized when group sample size is large
		minimized by both (a) and (b)
		unaffected by sample size

QUESTION 3

1. In analysis of variance, nonnormality of the distribution of group scores

		is not likely to be a problem if samples are drawn from different populations
		is not a problem
		is likely to be a problem only when the number of degrees of freedom for the denominator of F is large
		is not likely to be a problem if sample size is large

QUESTION 4

1. If we divide a sum of squared deviation scores by the associated degrees of freedom we have

		inherent variation
		within-groups variation
		population variance
		variance estimate

QUESTION 5

1. Variability of group means about the grand mean affords an indication of

	a.	random individual variation
	b.	variation attributable to treatment effect, when present
	c.	a combination of (a) and (b) above
	d.	none of the above

QUESTION 6

1. In analysis of variance, if the group sample means were all equal, the calculated value of F would be

		greater than +1.00
		+1.00
		zero
		negative

QUESTION 7

1. In the analysis of variance F test, when the null hypothesis is false, we would expect most calculated values of F to

		exceed +1.00
		be zero
		+1.96 when α=.05
		be between zero and +1.00

QUESTION 8

1. In one-way analysis of variance involving three groups, the alternative hypothesis would be considered correct if, in the population,

		all means were equal
		two means are equal but the third is different
		all three means have different values
		either (b) or (c) above is true

QUESTION 9

1. The assumption of homogeneity of variance means that

		group population variance should be the same for all groups
		within-group variance should be the same as total variance
		within-group variance should be the same as between-group variance
		between-group variance should be the same as total variance

QUESTION 10

1. The F distribution is like the t distribution in that

		it is symmetrical
		both positive and negative values are possible
		its mean is zero
		it is actually a family of distributions

QUESTION 11

1. In the analysis of variance F test, the quantity that reflects the treatment effect

		is sometimes placed in the numerator and sometimes in the denominator
		is always placed in the numerator
		is excluded from F
		is always placed in the denominator

QUESTION 12

1. It is appropriate and necessary to run post-hoc comparisons under what conditions?

		The F statistic is not significant, but we suspect there might be a significant difference between two groups.
		The F statistic is not significant.
		The F statistic is significant.
		There are two groups in the analysis.

QUESTION 13

1. F is formed by

		the difference between two variance estimates
		the difference between two standard deviation estimates
		the ratio between two variance estimates
		the ratio between two population variances

QUESTION 14

1. Which, if any, is not a characteristic necessary for F to be distributed according to its tabled values?

		group populations are normally distributed
		the numerator and denominator estimates are independent
		sampling is random
		sample group means are equal

QUESTION 15

1. If there are n scores in each group and k groups, the between-groups variance estimate is calculated by dividing the appropriate sum of squares by

		n-k
		n-1
		Sum(n-1)
		k-1

QUESTION 16

1. The denominator of any variance estimate consists of

		inherent variation
		sums of squared deviations
		degrees of freedom
		within-groups variation

QUESTION 17

1. If we run a one-way ANOVA on three groups, which of these outcomes are possibly true?

		Group A is significantly different from Group B, but there is no significant difference between Groups B and C.
		Group A is significantly different from Group B, but there is no significant difference between Groups A and C.
		All three groups are significantly different from all the other groups.
		All of the above are possibly true outcomes.

QUESTION 18

1. What does the effect size (η ²) in an ANOVA tell us?

		How much of the total variance is between-groups variance.
		The magnitude of the total variance.
		How far apart the means of the groups are.
		How much of the total variance is within-groups variance.

QUESTION 19

1. One-way analysis of variance is applicable when there are

		at least five groups
		no more than five groups
		at least two groups
		at least three groups

QUESTION 20

1. The obtained values of chi-square

		can be negative even if no discrepancy is negative
		cannot be as low as zero
		can be negative if discrepancies have negative values
		can be no lower than zero

QUESTION 21

1. Older texts recommended using a “correction for continuity” when df=1 particularly if fe in one of the categories was less than 5. However, more recent studies have shown that the uncorrected chi-square is reasonably accurate when

		all fe‘s are at least 2
		all fe‘s are at least 3
		the average fe is at least 5
		the average fe is at least 2

QUESTION 22

1. For a particular category, we find the difference between expected and observed frequency to differ by 25 points. This will tend to make chi-square large if

		the difference is positive
		fe is small
		fo is small
		the difference is negative

QUESTION 23

1. For a given level of significance, the critical value of chi-square will be larger

		when the number of categories is smaller
		when the number of degrees of freedom is smaller
		when the number of degrees of freedom is larger
		when n is larger

QUESTION 24

1. In the chi-square test, a very low (close to 0) value of chi-square implies that

		the observed frequencies are more like their corresponding expected frequencies than would be expected by chance
		the several observed frequencies are very similar
		the positive difference between expected and observed frequencies tend to balance the negative differences
		the several expected frequencies are very similar

QUESTION 25

1. In the chi-square test, we will reject the null hypothesis if the obtained chi-square is

		close to the mean of the tabled distribution of chi-square
		either very low or very high
		very low
		very high

QUESTION 26

1. Which, if any, is not a characteristic necessary for obtained values of chi-square to be distributed according to the tabled values of the chi-square distribution?

		expected frequencies must be equal for all groups
		the null hypothesis must be true
		sampling must be random
		all of the above must be true

QUESTION 27

1. Only red and blue flowers are produced from a particular seed mixture. We plant a random sample of 27 seeds and obtain 6 blue and 21 red flowers. We wish to test the null hypothesis that the mixture gives twice as many red flowers as blue flowers. The value of fe for red flowers is

		18
		13 1/2
		16
		9

QUESTION 28

1. In a chi-square goodness-of-fit problem, there are 6 categories, and expected frequencies of 5 in each category. The number of degrees of freedom for this problem is

		5
		24
		29
		25

QUESTION 29

1. In one chi-square problem, each observed frequency was the same as its expected frequency.

		This would be an unusual result even if the null hypothesis were true.
		This would be an unusual result even if the null hypothesis were false.
		Chi-square will be zero.
		All of the above are true.

 

ANSWER

Here are the answers to the provided questions:

QUESTION 1: group sample means to vary

QUESTION 2: minimized when group sample size is equal for all groups

QUESTION 3: is likely to be a problem only when the number of degrees of freedom for the denominator of F is large

QUESTION 4: variance estimate

QUESTION 5: a combination of (a) and (b) above

QUESTION 6: zero

QUESTION 7: exceed +1.00

QUESTION 8: either (b) or (c) above is true

QUESTION 9: group population variance should be the same for all groups

QUESTION 10: it is actually a family of distributions

QUESTION 11: is sometimes placed in the numerator and sometimes in the denominator

QUESTION 12: The F statistic is significant.

QUESTION 13: the ratio between two variance estimates

QUESTION 14: group populations are normally distributed

QUESTION 15: n-1

QUESTION 16: within-groups variation

QUESTION 17: All of the above are possibly true outcomes.

QUESTION 18: How much of the total variance is between-groups variance.

QUESTION 19: at least two groups

QUESTION 20: can be no lower than zero

QUESTION 21: all fe’s are at least 5

QUESTION 22: the difference is positive

QUESTION 23: when the number of degrees of freedom is smaller

QUESTION 24: the observed frequencies are more like their corresponding expected frequencies than would be expected by chance

QUESTION 25: very high

QUESTION 26: expected frequencies must be equal for all groups

QUESTION 27: 16

QUESTION 28: 5

QUESTION 29: Chi-square will be zero.