Freud’s stage

QUESTION

The objective of this discussion is to have a meaningful conversation about the similarities and differences between Freud’s Psychosexual Stage Theory and Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory.

They both developed theories about how personalities change and develop. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), considered the father of psychoanalysis, wrote that an individual’s personality development depends on the resolution of conflicts between childhood sexual urges and demands of society. He said that human development included FIVE distinct stages. Modern psychologist Erik Erikson adjusted and expanded Freud’s theories into EIGHT stages of development. Erikson focused on the influence of society and culture on human personality development.

For this discussion, you need to select an age but it needs to stay within Freud’s stages. Remember, he did not go beyond early adulthood (genital stage). Erikson is one of the few that went through late adulthood. After you select your age, then tell the class the stage of development the age fits into for both Freud and Erikson and give at least two similarities, two differences, and then give a personal example of the conflict for both theories (it does not have to be you, it can be anyone you know but please do not mention real names). The personal example needs to demonstrate the conflict and resolution.

Here’s an example:

I selected age 14. Therefore, this fits into the Latency Stage entering the Genital Phase for Freud’s stage theory and the Identity Vs. Role Confusion stage in Erikson’s model. The similarities between these stages are……….and the differences between these stages are………. By comparing and contrasting the psychosexual stage (Freud) with the psychosocial stage (Erikson), I learned….. This is also demonstrated in my own personal example while I observed my brother grow and develop at age 14. I noticed, from Freud’s view, my brother’s conflict was…………….. and his resolution was……………..From Erikson’s view, his conflict was….and the resolution was……………… I also see the criticisms of each because………………………

Your answer needs to take a deep dive. Consequently, I’m expecting at least a paragraph in this discussion. You must include references from your text or Group 3’s presentation on Freud and ONE outside resource. If this is not in your discussion, you will not get full points.

*Initial post due Saturday, April 4, by 9:30 a.m. and replies due Tuesday, April 7, by 9:30 a.m. The discussion is closed thereafter. To get full points, you need to reply to at least TWO classmates and answer any questions asked of you.

ANSWER

A Comparative Analysis of Freud’s Psychosexual Stage Theory and Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory

Introduction

Freud’s Psychosexual Stage Theory and Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory both provide frameworks for understanding personality development. While Freud’s theory focuses on the resolution of conflicts between sexual urges and societal demands, Erikson’s theory emphasizes the influence of society and culture on human development. This essay aims to explore the similarities and differences between these theories by examining the stage of development at age 6: Freud’s latency stage and Erikson’s Industry Vs. Inferiority stage. By delving into these stages, we can gain a deeper understanding of the conflicts and resolutions encountered during this critical period of development.

Similarities

Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of social interactions and the environment in shaping a child’s development during the latency stage and the Industry Vs. Inferiority stage, respectively. In Freud’s theory, the latency stage marks a temporary repression of sexual impulses, as the child redirects their energy towards developing intellectual and social skills (Lumen Learning, n.d.). Likewise, Erikson’s theory highlights the child’s need to interact with peers and engage in productive activities to foster a sense of competence and self-worth. Both theories emphasize the significance of external factors and social interactions in shaping a child’s self-perception and capabilities.

Differences

Although there are similarities between the latency stage and the Industry Vs. Inferiority stage, there are also notable differences. Freud’s theory primarily focuses on the suppression of sexual energy and the redirection of libido into other areas of life, such as acquiring knowledge and forming friendships. In contrast, Erikson’s theory broadens the scope to encompass various aspects of the child’s self-esteem and competence, including academic, athletic, and social achievements. Erikson’s stage incorporates the child’s awareness of societal expectations and their ability to meet these standards, whereas Freud’s theory is more centered on the internal management of sexual impulses.

Personal Example – Conflict and Resolution

To illustrate the conflicts and resolutions during this stage, let us consider the example of a young boy named Alex. According to Freud’s theory, Alex experienced a conflict between his natural curiosity about his body and societal norms that discouraged open exploration of his sexual impulses. This conflict created a tension between his innate desires and societal expectations. Alex’s resolution involved receiving guidance and education from his parents, who explained the importance of privacy and appropriate boundaries. By redirecting his curiosity towards learning about the human body in a socially acceptable manner, Alex found a healthy outlet for his intellectual interests, thereby resolving the conflict.

In Erikson’s perspective, Alex faced the Industry Vs. Inferiority conflict, which involved his desire to achieve competence and be recognized by his peers and society. This conflict placed pressure on Alex to perform well academically, athletically, and socially, leading to a sense of inferiority if he perceived himself as falling short. Alex’s resolution came through supportive teachers and parents who encouraged his efforts, recognized his achievements, and fostered a growth mindset (Mcleod, 2023). By providing a nurturing environment that valued effort and progress rather than solely focusing on outcomes, Alex developed a sense of industry and competence, successfully navigating this psychosocial stage.

Criticism

It is essential to acknowledge the criticisms surrounding both theories. Freud’s emphasis on the role of sexual energy and its impact on personality development has been criticized for its lack of empirical evidence and its potential to pathologize normal human behavior (Other Criticisms of Freud and Psychoanalysis – Cognitive Therapy, 2023). Erikson’s theory has been questioned for its limited cultural and contextual applicability, as it does not fully account for variations in societal norms and values.

Conclusion

Freud’s Psychosexual Stage Theory and Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory provide valuable insights into personality development. By comparing and contrasting the latency stage and the Industry Vs. Inferiority stage, we can identify similarities and differences in their respective approaches. Understanding the conflicts and resolutions experienced during these stages can shed light on the intricate interplay between internal drives, social interactions, and societal expectations in shaping human development. While both theories have their criticisms, they contribute to our understanding of the complex journey of personal growth and maturation.

References

Lumen Learning. (n.d.). Psychosexual and Psychosocial Theories of Development | Introduction to Psychology. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymaker-psychology/chapter/lifespan-theories-psychosexual-and-psychosocial-theories/ 

Mcleod, S., PhD. (2023). Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/erik-erikson.html 

Other criticisms of Freud and psychoanalysis – Cognitive Therapy. (2023, June 17). European Medical. https://www.europeanmedical.info/cognitive-therapy/other-criticisms-of-freud-and-psychoanalysis.html