What are the three main differences between the philosophy of classical antiquity as we have studied it and Christian-based philosophy? 2. In what three ways do you think Socrates might be considered a Christian thinker? 3. What are three major lessons that you have learned from the course so far. Please explain in terms of your own life, goals, and experiences. Be very concrete but feel free to fictionalize some

QUESTION

Please choose one of the following questions and write a short essay of 2-5 pages on it using a very tight traditional construction: introduction with thesis and previewed steps of development, body with 3-6 paragraphs, and conclusion that restates thesis and steps very clearly.

Please use a cover sheet with an image and title that reflect the thesis of your paper. Underline your thesis in the first paragraph of your paper

1. What are the three main differences between the philosophy of classical antiquity as we have studied it and Christian-based philosophy?

2. In what three ways do you think Socrates might be considered a Christian thinker?

3. What are three major lessons that you have learned from the course so far. Please explain in terms of your own life, goals, and experiences. Be very concrete but feel free to fictionalize some

ANSWER

Contrasting Classical Antiquity and Christian-Based Philosophy: Examining the Three Main Differences

Introduction

Throughout history, philosophy has played a significant role in shaping human thought and understanding. Classical antiquity and Christian-based philosophy stand as two prominent philosophical frameworks, each offering distinct perspectives on life, ethics, and metaphysics. This essay aims to explore the three main differences between these two philosophical traditions. By examining their core principles, belief systems, and approaches to morality, we can gain valuable insights into the contrasting nature of classical antiquity and Christian-based philosophy.

Thesis: The philosophy of classical antiquity and Christian-based philosophy differ primarily in their conceptualization of the divine, their views on human nature and moral accountability, and their respective emphasis on reason and faith.

Conceptualization of the Divine

Classical antiquity embraces a polytheistic worldview, where numerous gods and goddesses govern various aspects of life and the natural world. The ancient Greeks and Romans believed in a pantheon of deities, each associated with different domains, such as Zeus, the god of thunder and the king of gods, or Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty (Wrenhaven, 2021). In contrast, Christian-based philosophy is grounded in monotheism, centering around the belief in a single, all-powerful God. Christianity holds that God created the universe and actively intervenes in human affairs, demonstrating omnipotence and omniscience.

Views on Human Nature and Moral Accountability

Classical antiquity tends to view human beings as subject to the whims and caprices of the gods. Humans are considered inherently flawed, prone to vices and weaknesses, and often at the mercy of divine intervention. Moral accountability is intertwined with one’s relationship to the gods, as individuals are expected to fulfill their obligations and appease the deities through rituals and sacrifices. In contrast, Christian-based philosophy asserts that human beings possess inherent dignity as they are created in the image of God (Hegel, n.d.). While acknowledging the presence of sin and moral imperfections, Christianity emphasizes personal responsibility, repentance, and the pursuit of virtues as a means of achieving salvation and eternal life.

Emphasis on Reason and Faith

Classical antiquity places great emphasis on human reason and the pursuit of knowledge through philosophy, science, and critical thinking. Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle sought to understand the nature of reality, the human condition, and the principles underlying ethical conduct through rational inquiry. In contrast, Christian-based philosophy elevates the importance of faith and revelation as sources of truth (Greek Philosophers, n.d.). While reason is not discarded, faith is considered essential for spiritual enlightenment and understanding the divine. Christianity teaches that faith in God and adherence to divine teachings are necessary for salvation and a meaningful existence.

Conclusion

In conclusion, classical antiquity and Christian-based philosophy present distinct approaches to understanding the world and our place within it. These philosophical traditions diverge in their conceptualization of the divine, their views on human nature and moral accountability, and their emphasis on reason and faith. Classical antiquity embodies a polytheistic worldview, where human beings are subject to the whims of the gods and seek moral accountability through rituals and sacrifices. Christian-based philosophy, on the other hand, revolves around monotheism, highlighting human dignity, personal responsibility, and the pursuit of virtue for salvation. Furthermore, classical antiquity emphasizes reason and rational inquiry, while Christian-based philosophy places a greater emphasis on faith and revelation. By recognizing these fundamental differences, we can appreciate the diverse philosophical landscapes that have shaped human thought throughout history.

References

Greek Philosophers. (n.d.). https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/greek-philosophers/ 

Hegel. (n.d.). Hegel’s Aesthetics. Part 3, Section 3. https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ae/part3-section3-chapter3.htm 

Wrenhaven, K. (2021, January 14). Chapter 3: Polytheism: Greek Gods, Goddesses and Minor Deities. Pressbooks. https://pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu/greekgodsheroesandworship/part/chapter-3-polytheism-greek-gods-goddesses-and-minor-deities/